Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea, sentence 17

A parrot uses its beak like a third foot for climbing; its upper beak is hinged to the skull, and its thick muscular tongue helps it handle food and shape sounds.

Who acts: parrot, third foot, thick muscular tongue · What happens: use, climb, hinge, help, handle · To what, where: beak, upper beak, parrot, food

This is a sentence of the lesson «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parrot, third foot, thick muscular tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 parrot	det
2	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	nsubj
3	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 beak	nmod:poss
5	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	obj
6	like	like	ADP	_	9 foot	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 foot	det
8	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 foot	amod
9	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	obl
10	for	for	SCONJ	_	11 climbing	mark
11	climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 foot	acl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 hinged	punct
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 beak	nmod:poss
14	upper	upper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 beak	amod
15	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hinged	nsubj:pass
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 hinged	aux:pass
17	hinged	hinge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 uses	parataxis
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 skull	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 skull	det
20	skull	skull	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hinged	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 helps	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 helps	cc
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 tongue	nmod:poss
24	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 tongue	amod
25	muscular	muscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 tongue	amod
26	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 helps	nsubj
27	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 uses	conj
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 helps	obj
29	handle	handle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 helps	xcomp
30	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 handle	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 shape	cc
32	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 handle	conj
33	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 shape	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 uses	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	present	a parrot	parrot's beak	like a third foot	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient
2	climb	gerund	a third foot not said here			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	hinge	present · passive		parrot's upper beak	to the skull	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to skull=Co-Patient
4	help	present	parrot's thick muscular tongue	parrot		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme
5	handle	infinitive	parrot not said here	food		vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/17/