Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants, sentence 13
Trap-jaw ants lock their jaws open and snap them shut in one of the fastest movements in the animal world, catching quick prey like springtails, and they can snap against the ground to fling themselves away from danger.
Who acts: jaw ants, ants · What happens: lock, snap, catch, fling away · To what, where: jaws, ants, quick prey, ground, danger
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jaw ants, ants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trap | trap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 jaw | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Trap | punct |
| 3 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ants | compound |
| 4 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 lock | nsubj |
| 5 | lock | lock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 jaws | nmod:poss |
| 7 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 lock | obj |
| 8 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 lock | xcomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 snap | cc |
| 10 | snap | snap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 lock | conj |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 snap | obj |
| 12 | shut | shut | ADP | _ | 10 snap | xcomp |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 one | case |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 snap | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 movements | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 movements | det |
| 17 | fastest | fast | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 18 movements | amod |
| 18 | movements | movement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 one | nmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 world | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 world | det |
| 21 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 world | compound |
| 22 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 movements | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 catching | punct |
| 24 | catching | catch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 snap | advcl |
| 25 | quick | quick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 prey | amod |
| 26 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 catching | obj |
| 27 | like | like | ADP | _ | 28 springtails | case |
| 28 | springtails | springtail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 catching | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 snap | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 snap | cc |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 snap | nsubj |
| 32 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 snap | aux |
| 33 | snap | snap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 lock | conj |
| 34 | against | against | ADP | _ | 36 ground | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 ground | det |
| 36 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 snap | obl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 fling | mark |
| 38 | fling | fling | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 snap | advcl |
| 39 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 38 fling | obj |
| 40 | away | away | ADV | _ | 38 fling | advmod |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 danger | case |
| 42 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fling | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 lock | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lock | present | jaw ants | ants's jaws | open property | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient | |||
| 2 | snap | infinitive | jaw ants not said here | ants = ant | in one of the fastest movements in the animal world | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Patient in one=Topic | |||
| 3 | catch | gerund | jaw ants not said here | quick prey | like springtails | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme | |||
| 4 | snap | can | ants = ant | the ground | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against ground=Location | ||||
| 5 | fling away | to-infinitive | ants = ant not said here | ants = ant | danger | away property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme from danger=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/13/