Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants, sentence 14
An ant's narrow waist has one or two small bumps called nodes; it lets the ant bend its rear end any way to sting, bite or spray, and counting the nodes helps scientists tell ant kinds apart.
Who acts: narrow waist, one small bumps, waist, ant, counting, scientists · What happens: have, call, let, bend, sting, bite · To what, where: one small bumps, nodes, rear end, ant kinds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (narrow waist, one small bumps, waist, ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ant | det |
| 2 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 waist | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 ant | case |
| 4 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 waist | amod |
| 5 | waist | waist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 bumps | nummod |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 two | cc |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 one | conj |
| 10 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 bumps | amod |
| 11 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 has | obj |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 bumps | acl |
| 13 | nodes | node | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 called | xcomp |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 lets | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 lets | nsubj |
| 16 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 has | parataxis |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ant | det |
| 18 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bend | nsubj |
| 19 | bend | bend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 lets | xcomp |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 end | nmod:poss |
| 21 | rear | rear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 end | amod |
| 22 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bend | obj |
| 23 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 way | det |
| 24 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bend | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 sting | mark |
| 26 | sting | sting | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 way | acl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 bite | punct |
| 28 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 sting | conj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 spray | cc |
| 30 | spray | spray | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 sting | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 helps | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 helps | cc |
| 33 | counting | count | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 helps | csubj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 nodes | det |
| 35 | nodes | node | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 counting | obj |
| 36 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 has | conj |
| 37 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 tell | nsubj |
| 38 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 helps | xcomp |
| 39 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 kinds | compound |
| 40 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 tell | obj |
| 41 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 38 tell | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a ant's narrow waist | one small bumps | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Patient | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | one small bumps not said here | nodes | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | let | present | waist | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | bend | infinitive | the ant | waist's rear end | any way obl:unmarked | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent end=Material | |||
| 5 | sting | to-infinitive | the ant not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | bite | infinitive | the ant not said here | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | spray | infinitive | the ant not said here | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | count | gerund | the nodes | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent node=Theme | |||||
| 9 | help | present | counting | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 10 | tell speech: assert | infinitive | scientists | ant kinds | apart property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/14/