Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants, sentence 9
Weaver ants of Asia, Africa and Australia build nests from living leaves: workers pull the leaf edges together while others hold larvae that spin silk to glue them.
Who acts: Weaver ants, workers, others, larvae · What happens: build, pull, hold, spin, glue · To what, where: nests, living leaves, leaf edges, larvae, silk, ants
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Weaver ants, workers, others, larvae), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Weaver | weaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ants | compound |
| 2 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 build | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Asia | case |
| 4 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ants | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Africa | punct |
| 6 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Asia | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Australia | cc |
| 8 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Asia | conj |
| 9 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 build | obj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 leaves | case |
| 12 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 leaves | amod |
| 13 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 build | obl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 pull | punct |
| 15 | workers | worker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pull | nsubj |
| 16 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 build | parataxis |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 edges | det |
| 18 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 edges | compound |
| 19 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pull | obj |
| 20 | together | together | ADV | _ | 16 pull | advmod |
| 21 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 23 hold | mark |
| 22 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hold | nsubj |
| 23 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 pull | advcl |
| 24 | larvae | larva | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hold | obj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 spin | nsubj |
| 26 | spin | spin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 larvae | acl:relcl |
| 27 | silk | silk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 spin | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 glue | mark |
| 29 | glue | glue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 spin | advcl |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 glue | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 build | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | present | Weaver ants of Asia and Africa and Australia | nests | living leaves | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset nest=Product from leaf=Material | |||
| 2 | pull | present | workers | the leaf edges | together property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Theme | |||
| 3 | hold | present | others | larvae | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent larva=Theme | ||||
| 4 | spin | present | larvae | silk | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent silk=Theme | ||||
| 5 | glue | to-infinitive | larvae not said here | ants = ant | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/9/