Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees, sentence 16

Only female bees have a sting, because the sting is a changed egg-laying tube; male bees cannot sting, and most solitary bees rarely sting, with mild stings.

Who acts: female bees, sting, male bees, solitary bees · What happens: have, change, lay, be, not sting, sting · To what, where: sting, changed laying tube

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (female bees, sting, male bees, solitary bees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 bees	advmod
2	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bees	amod
3	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sting	det
6	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 have	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 tube	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 tube	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sting	det
10	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 tube	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 tube	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 tube	det
13	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 tube	amod
14	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 laying	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 egg	punct
16	laying	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 tube	amod
17	tube	tube	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 have	advcl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 sting	punct
19	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 bees	amod
20	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 sting	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 sting	aux
22	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	23 sting	advmod
23	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 have	parataxis
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 sting	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 sting	cc
26	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	27 solitary	advmod
27	solitary	solitary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 bees	amod
28	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 sting	nsubj
29	rarely	rarely	ADV	_	30 sting	advmod
30	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sting	parataxis
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 sting	punct
32	with	with	ADP	_	34 stings	case
33	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 stings	amod
34	stings	sting	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 sting	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	female bees	a sting		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sting=Patient
2	change	participle				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lay	gerund				vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	the sting	a changed laying tube		tree rules
5	not sting	can	male bees			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
6	sting		solitary bees		with mild stings; rarely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/16/