Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees, sentence 5

Every bee has four wings, joined in flight by tiny hooks, and only females can sting, because the sting is a changed egg-laying tube.

Who acts: bee, females, sting · What happens: have, join, sting, change, lay, be · To what, where: four wings, changed laying tube

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bee, females, sting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 bee	det
2	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 wings	nummod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 joined	punct
7	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 wings	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 flight	case
9	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 joined	obl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 hooks	case
11	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 hooks	amod
12	hooks	hook	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 joined	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 sting	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 sting	cc
15	only	only	ADV	_	16 females	advmod
16	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 sting	nsubj
17	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 sting	aux
18	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 has	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 tube	punct
20	because	because	SCONJ	_	29 tube	mark
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sting	det
22	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 tube	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 tube	cop
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 tube	det
25	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	29 tube	amod
26	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 laying	compound
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	26 egg	punct
28	laying	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	29 tube	amod
29	tube	tube	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	advcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	every bee	four wings		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient
2	join	participle		four wings not said here	by tiny hooks; in flight	vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in flight=Theme
3	sting	can	females			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	change	participle				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	lay	gerund				vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	is a	present	the sting	a changed laying tube		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/5/