Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs, sentence 19

The diabolical ironclad beetle of the USA has armour that scientists found could take a force about 39,000 times its weight; its wing cases are joined like jigsaw pieces and do not open, so it cannot fly.

Who acts: diabolical ironclad beetle, scientists, that, beetle · What happens: have, find, take, join, not open, not fly · To what, where: armour, force, wing cases · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (diabolical ironclad beetle, scientists, that, beetle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 beetle	det
2	diabolical	diabolical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 beetle	amod
3	ironclad	ironclad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 beetle	amod
4	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 has	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 USA	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 USA	det
7	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 beetle	nmod
8	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 has	obj
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 take	nsubj
11	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 found	nsubj
12	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 armour	acl:relcl
13	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 take	aux
14	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 found	ccomp
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 force	det
16	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 take	obj
17	about	about	ADV	_	18 39,000	advmod
18	39,000	39,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 times	nummod
19	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 force	nmod
20	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 weight	nmod:poss
21	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 times	nmod:unmarked
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 has	punct
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 cases	nmod:poss
24	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 cases	compound
25	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 joined	nsubj:pass
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 joined	aux:pass
27	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 take	advcl
28	like	like	ADP	_	30 pieces	case
29	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 pieces	compound
30	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 joined	obl
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 open	cc
32	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 open	aux
33	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	34 open	advmod
34	open	open	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 joined	conj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 fly	punct
36	so	so	SCONJ	_	40 fly	mark
37	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 fly	nsubj
38	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	40 fly	aux
39	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	40 fly	advmod
40	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 open	advcl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	the diabolical ironclad beetle of the USA	armour		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent armour=Patient
2	find	past	scientists			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	take	could	that	a force 39,000 times beetle's weight		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme
4	join	present · passive		beetle's wing cases	like jigsaw pieces	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
5	not open	present · do-support				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	not fly	can	beetle			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/19/