Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog, sentence 12
Some of the smallest frogs, from Papua New Guinea and Brazil, are less than 8 millimetres long; they live in damp leaf litter eating tiny mites and are among the smallest animals with a backbone.
Who acts: Some, Frogs, damp leaf litter · What happens: be, live, eat · To what, where: damp leaf litter, tiny mites
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, Frogs, damp leaf litter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 less | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 frogs | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 frogs | det |
| 4 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 frogs | amod |
| 5 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Some | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Guinea | punct |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 Guinea | case |
| 8 | Papua | Papua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Guinea | compound |
| 9 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Guinea | compound |
| 10 | Guinea | Guinea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Some | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Brazil | cc |
| 12 | Brazil | Brazil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Guinea | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Guinea | punct |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 less | cop |
| 15 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 22 live | parataxis |
| 16 | than | than | ADP | _ | 15 less | fixed |
| 17 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 millimetres | nummod |
| 18 | millimetres | millimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 long | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 less | advmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 live | punct |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 live | nsubj |
| 22 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 litter | case |
| 24 | damp | damp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 litter | amod |
| 25 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 litter | compound |
| 26 | litter | litter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 live | obl |
| 27 | eating | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 litter | acl |
| 28 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 mites | amod |
| 29 | mites | mite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 eating | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 live | cc |
| 31 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 live | conj |
| 32 | among | among | ADP | _ | 35 animals | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 animals | det |
| 34 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 animals | amod |
| 35 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 are | obl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 backbone | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 backbone | det |
| 38 | backbone | backbone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 animals | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 live | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Some | less, long property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | present | Frogs = frog | damp leaf litter | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in litter=Location | ||||
| 3 | eat | gerund | damp leaf litter not said here | tiny mites | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mite=Patient | ||||
| 4 | be | present | Frogs = frog not said here | among the smallest animals with a backbone | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among animal=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/12/