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Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog, sentence 12

Some of the smallest frogs, from Papua New Guinea and Brazil, are less than 8 millimetres long; they live in damp leaf litter eating tiny mites and are among the smallest animals with a backbone.

Who acts: Some, Frogs, damp leaf litter · What happens: be, live, eat · To what, where: damp leaf litter, tiny mites

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, Frogs, damp leaf litter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubjcasedetamodnmodpunctcasecompoundcompoundnmodccconjpunctcopparataxisfixednummodobl:unmarkedadvmodpunctnsubjcaseamodcompoundoblaclamodobjccconjcasedetamodoblcasedetnmodpunctrootSomeDETofADPtheDETsmallestADJfrogsNOUN,PUNCTfromADPPapuaPROPNNewPROPNGuineaPROPNandCCONJBrazilPROPN,PUNCTareAUXlessADJthanADP8NUMmillimetresNOUNlongADV;PUNCTtheyPRONliveVERBinADPdampADJleafNOUNlitterNOUNeatingVERBtinyADJmitesNOUNandCCONJareVERBamongADPtheDETsmallestADJanimalsNOUNwithADPaDETbackboneNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SomesomeDETPronType=Ind15 lessnsubj
2ofofADP_5 frogscase
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 frogsdet
4smallestsmallADJDegree=Sup5 frogsamod
5frogsfrogNOUNNumber=Plur1 Somenmod
6,,PUNCT_10 Guineapunct
7fromfromADP_10 Guineacase
8PapuaPapuaPROPNNumber=Sing10 Guineacompound
9NewNewPROPNNumber=Sing10 Guineacompound
10GuineaGuineaPROPNNumber=Sing1 Somenmod
11andandCCONJ_12 Brazilcc
12BrazilBrazilPROPNNumber=Sing10 Guineaconj
13,,PUNCT_10 Guineapunct
14arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin15 lesscop
15lesslessADJDegree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV22 liveparataxis
16thanthanADP_15 lessfixed
1788NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card18 millimetresnummod
18millimetresmillimetreNOUNNumber=Plur19 longobl:unmarked
19longlongADVDegree=Pos15 lessadvmod
20;;PUNCT_22 livepunct
21theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs22 livensubj
22liveliveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
23ininADP_26 littercase
24dampdampADJDegree=Pos26 litteramod
25leafleafNOUNNumber=Sing26 littercompound
26litterlitterNOUNNumber=Sing22 liveobl
27eatingeatVERBVerbForm=Ger26 litteracl
28tinytinyADJDegree=Pos29 mitesamod
29mitesmiteNOUNNumber=Plur27 eatingobj
30andandCCONJ_22 livecc
31arebeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin22 liveconj
32amongamongADP_35 animalscase
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 animalsdet
34smallestsmallADJDegree=Sup35 animalsamod
35animalsanimalNOUNNumber=Plur31 areobl
36withwithADP_38 backbonecase
37aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art38 backbonedet
38backbonebackboneNOUNNumber=Sing35 animalsnmod
39..PUNCT_22 livepunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispresentSomeless, long propertytree rules
2livepresentFrogs = frogdamp leaf littervn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in litter=Location
3eatgerunddamp leaf litter not said heretiny mitesvn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mite=Patient
4bepresentFrogs = frog not said hereamong the smallest animals with a backbonevn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among animal=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/12/