Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog, sentence 4
Most do not drink with their mouths but soak water in through their skin, and when a frog swallows it blinks, pulling its eyes down into its head to help push the food down.
Who acts: Most, frog, skin · What happens: not drink, swallow, blink, pull down, help, push down · To what, where: eyes, head, food
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most, frog, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 4 drink | nsubj |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 drink | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 drink | advmod |
| 4 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 mouths | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 mouths | nmod:poss |
| 7 | mouths | mouth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 drink | obl |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 water | cc |
| 9 | soak | soak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drink | conj |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 mouths | conj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 skin | case |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 14 skin | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 skin | nmod:poss |
| 14 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 soak | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 swallows | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 swallows | cc |
| 17 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 20 swallows | mark |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 frog | det |
| 19 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 swallows | nsubj |
| 20 | swallows | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 blinks | advcl |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 blinks | nsubj |
| 22 | blinks | blink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 drink | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pulling | punct |
| 24 | pulling | pull | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 blinks | advcl |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 26 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 pulling | obj |
| 27 | down | down | ADV | _ | 24 pulling | advmod |
| 28 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 head | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 head | nmod:poss |
| 30 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 pulling | obl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 help | mark |
| 32 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 pulling | advcl |
| 33 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 help | xcomp |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 food | det |
| 35 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 push | obj |
| 36 | down | down | ADP | _ | 33 push | compound:prt |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 drink | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not drink | present · do-support | Most | with Frogs's mouths but water | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | swallow | present | a frog | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | blink | present | skin | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | pull down | gerund | skin not said here | skin's eyes | skin's head | down property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | ||
| 5 | help | to-infinitive | skin not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | push down | infinitive | skin not said here | the food | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/4/