Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 17

A small pond without fish, with shallow sloping edges, invites frogs, because fish eat spawn and tadpoles and sloping edges let froglets climb out; frogs often find a new pond on their own within a year or two.

Who acts: small pond, fish, sloping edges, froglets, frogs · What happens: slope, invite, eat, let, climb out, find · To what, where: frogs, spawn, froglets, new pond, own

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small pond, fish, sloping edges, froglets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 pond	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pond	amod
3	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 invites	nsubj
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 fish	case
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pond	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 edges	punct
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 edges	case
8	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 edges	amod
9	sloping	slope	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 edges	amod
10	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pond	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 frogs	punct
12	invites	invite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 invites	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 eat	punct
15	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 eat	mark
16	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 eat	nsubj
17	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 invites	advcl
18	spawn	spawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 eat	obj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 tadpoles	cc
20	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 spawn	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 let	cc
22	sloping	slope	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 edges	amod
23	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 let	nsubj
24	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 eat	conj
25	froglets	froglet	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 let	obj
26	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 let	xcomp
27	out	out	ADP	_	26 climb	compound:prt
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 frogs	punct
29	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 find	nsubj
30	often	often	ADV	_	31 find	advmod
31	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 invites	parataxis
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 pond	det
33	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 pond	amod
34	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 find	obj
35	on	on	ADP	_	37 own	case
36	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 own	nmod:poss
37	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 find	obl
38	within	within	ADP	_	40 year	case
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 year	det
40	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 find	obl
41	or	or	CCONJ	_	42 two	cc
42	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	40 year	conj
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	31 find	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slope	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	invite	present	a small pond without fish with shallow sloping edges		frogs				vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Recipient
3	eat	present	fish	spawn and tadpoles					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spawn=Patient
4	slope	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	let	present	sloping edges	froglets					tree rules
6	climb out	infinitive	froglets not said here						vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	find	present	frogs	a new pond		frogs's own	year	often property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pond=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/17/