Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 16
Fire-bellied toads have pupils shaped like a triangle or a heart; Oriental fire-bellied toads are popular pets, and hands must be washed after touching them.
Who acts: bellied toads, Oriental bellied toads · What happens: belly, have, shape, be, wash, touch · To what, where: pupils, popular pets, hands, toads
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bellied toads, Oriental bellied toads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fire | Fire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 bellied | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Fire | punct |
| 3 | bellied | belly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 toads | amod |
| 4 | toads | toad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 have | nsubj |
| 5 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | pupils | pupil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 have | obj |
| 7 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 pupils | acl |
| 8 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 triangle | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 triangle | det |
| 10 | triangle | triangle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 shaped | obl |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 heart | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 heart | det |
| 13 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 triangle | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 pets | punct |
| 15 | Oriental | Oriental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 toads | amod |
| 16 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bellied | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 fire | punct |
| 18 | bellied | belly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 toads | amod |
| 19 | toads | toad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 pets | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 pets | cop |
| 21 | popular | popular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 pets | amod |
| 22 | pets | pet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 have | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 washed | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 washed | cc |
| 25 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 washed | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 washed | aux |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 washed | aux:pass |
| 28 | washed | wash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 pets | conj |
| 29 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 30 touching | mark |
| 30 | touching | touch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 washed | advcl |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 touching | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | belly | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | have | present | bellied toads | pupils | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Patient | ||||
| 3 | shape | participle | pupils not said here | like a triangle or a heart | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | belly | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | is a | present | Oriental bellied toads | popular pets | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | wash | must · passive | hands | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 7 | touch | gerund | toads = toad | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/16/