Turtles and tortoises, sentence 17
Painted turtles spend the winter on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds for months, with their hearts beating only a few times a minute, because the cold slows their bodies so much that they need almost no oxygen.
Who acts: Painted turtles, hearts, cold · What happens: paint, spend, freeze, beat, slow, need · To what, where: muddy bottom, bodies, oxygen
This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Painted turtles, hearts, cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 turtles | amod |
| 2 | turtles | turtle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spend | nsubj |
| 3 | spend | spend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 winter | det |
| 5 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spend | obj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 bottom | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bottom | det |
| 8 | muddy | muddy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 bottom | amod |
| 9 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spend | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 ponds | case |
| 11 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 ponds | amod |
| 12 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bottom | nmod |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 months | case |
| 14 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spend | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 hearts | punct |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 hearts | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 hearts | nmod:poss |
| 18 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 beating | nsubj |
| 19 | beating | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 spend | advcl |
| 20 | only | only | ADV | _ | 23 times | advmod |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 times | det |
| 22 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 times | amod |
| 23 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 beating | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 minute | det |
| 25 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 slows | punct |
| 27 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 30 slows | mark |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 cold | det |
| 29 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 slows | nsubj |
| 30 | slows | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spend | advcl |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 bodies | nmod:poss |
| 32 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 slows | obj |
| 33 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 much | advmod |
| 34 | much | much | ADV | _ | 30 slows | advmod |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 need | mark |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 need | nsubj |
| 37 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 slows | advcl |
| 38 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 40 oxygen | advmod |
| 39 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 40 oxygen | det |
| 40 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 need | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spend | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | paint | participle | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | spend | present | Painted turtles | month; winter | on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds goal | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent on bottom=Goal | |||
| 3 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | beat | gerund | jaws's hearts | time | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | slow | present | the cold | jaws's bodies | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient | ||||
| 6 | need | present | hearts = heart | no oxygen | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/17/