Turtles and tortoises, sentence 19
Turtles have no teeth but a sharp beak made of keratin, like your nails, and the rings on a tortoise's shell do not give its exact age, because it can grow several rings in a year, or none.
Who acts: Turtles, rings, age · What happens: have, make, not give, grow · To what, where: teeth, sharp beak, exact age, several rings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turtles, rings, age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turtles | turtle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 teeth | det |
| 4 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 beak | cc |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 beak | det |
| 7 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 beak | amod |
| 8 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 teeth | conj |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 beak | acl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 keratin | case |
| 11 | keratin | keratin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 made | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 nails | punct |
| 13 | like | like | ADP | _ | 15 nails | case |
| 14 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 nails | nmod:poss |
| 15 | nails | nail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 made | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 give | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 give | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 rings | det |
| 19 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 give | nsubj |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 shell | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 tortoise | det |
| 22 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 shell | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 tortoise | case |
| 24 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rings | nmod |
| 25 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 give | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 give | advmod |
| 27 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 have | conj |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 age | nmod:poss |
| 29 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 age | amod |
| 30 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 give | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 grow | punct |
| 32 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 35 grow | mark |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 grow | nsubj |
| 34 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 grow | aux |
| 35 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 give | advcl |
| 36 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 rings | amod |
| 37 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 grow | obj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 year | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 year | det |
| 40 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grow | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 none | punct |
| 42 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 43 none | cc |
| 43 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 37 rings | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Turtles | no teeth but a sharp beak | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | a sharp beak not said here | of keratin; like your nails | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | not give | present · do-support | the rings on a tortoise's shell | shell's exact age | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme | ||||
| 4 | grow | can | age | several rings | year | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ring=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/19/