Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 17

Bull sharks are short, heavy and strong and live in warm, shallow, murky coastal water near people, so they are among the sharks most often involved in bites; swimmers are told to avoid murky river mouths, especially at dawn and dusk.

Who acts: Bull sharks, Sharks, swimmers · What happens: be, live, tell, avoid · To what, where: warm shallow murky coastal water, swimmers, murky river mouths · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bull sharks, Sharks, swimmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sharks	compound
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 short	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 heavy	punct
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 short	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 strong	cc
8	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 short	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 live	cc
10	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	18 water	case
12	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 water	amod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 warm	punct
14	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 water	amod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 shallow	punct
16	murky	murky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 water	amod
17	coastal	coastal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 water	amod
18	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 live	obl
19	near	near	ADP	_	20 people	case
20	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 water	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 sharks	punct
22	so	so	ADV	_	27 sharks	advmod
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 sharks	nsubj
24	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 sharks	cop
25	among	among	ADP	_	27 sharks	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 sharks	det
27	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 short	parataxis
28	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	29 often	advmod
29	often	often	ADV	_	30 involved	advmod
30	involved	involved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 sharks	acl
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 bites	case
32	bites	bite	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 involved	obl
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 told	punct
34	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 told	nsubj:pass
35	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 told	aux:pass
36	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 sharks	conj
37	to	to	PART	_	38 avoid	mark
38	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	36 told	xcomp
39	murky	murky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 mouths	amod
40	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 mouths	compound
41	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 avoid	obj
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 dawn	punct
43	especially	especially	ADV	_	45 dawn	advmod
44	at	at	ADP	_	45 dawn	case
45	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 avoid	obl
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 dusk	cc
47	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 dawn	conj
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 short	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bull sharks				short property	tree rules
2	be		Bull sharks not said here					tree rules
3	be		Bull sharks not said here					tree rules
4	live	present	Bull sharks not said here		warm shallow murky coastal water near people			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location
5	is	present	Sharks = shark				among the sharks	tree rules
6	tell speech: assert	present · passive		swimmers				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
7	avoid not said to happen	to-infinitive	swimmers not said here	murky river mouths		dawn		vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent mouth=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/17/