Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 16
Bull sharks can live in fresh water as well as the sea, because their kidneys and glands adjust to water without salt; bull sharks lived for years in a lake on a golf course in Australia after a flood.
Who acts: Bull sharks, kidneys · What happens: live, adjust · To what, where: fresh water, water, lake
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bull sharks, kidneys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sharks | compound |
| 2 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | aux |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 water | case |
| 6 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 water | amod |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 12 sea | cc |
| 9 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 as | fixed |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 sea | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sea | det |
| 12 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 water | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 adjust | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 adjust | mark |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 kidneys | nmod:poss |
| 16 | kidneys | kidney | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 adjust | nsubj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 glands | cc |
| 18 | glands | gland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 kidneys | conj |
| 19 | adjust | adjust | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | advcl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 water | case |
| 21 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 adjust | obl |
| 22 | without | without | ADP | _ | 23 salt | case |
| 23 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 adjust | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 sharks | punct |
| 25 | bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sharks | compound |
| 26 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 lived | nsubj |
| 27 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | parataxis |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 years | case |
| 29 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 lived | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 lake | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 lake | det |
| 32 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lived | obl |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 course | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 course | det |
| 35 | golf | golf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 course | compound |
| 36 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lake | nmod |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 Australia | case |
| 38 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 course | nmod |
| 39 | after | after | ADP | _ | 41 flood | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 flood | det |
| 41 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lived | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | can | Bull sharks | fresh water as the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | ||||
| 2 | adjust | present | Sharks's kidneys and glands | to water goal; without salt | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent to water=Goal | ||||
| 3 | live | past | bull sharks | a lake on a golf course in Australia | after a flood; year | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/16/