Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 20
Most sharks have five gill slits on each side, and a few kinds have six or seven; great whites must keep swimming so water flows over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest and pump water over theirs.
Who acts: Most sharks, few kinds, great whites, water, nurse sharks · What happens: have, keep, swim, flow, rest, pump · To what, where: five gill slits, side, six, gills, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most sharks, few kinds, great whites, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 sharks | amod |
| 2 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 slits | nummod |
| 5 | gill | gill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 slits | compound |
| 6 | slits | slit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 side | case |
| 8 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 side | det |
| 9 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 slits | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 have | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 have | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 kinds | det |
| 13 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 kinds | amod |
| 14 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 have | nsubj |
| 15 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | conj |
| 16 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 have | obj |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 seven | cc |
| 18 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 six | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 keep | punct |
| 20 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 whites | amod |
| 21 | whites | white | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 keep | nsubj |
| 22 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 keep | aux |
| 23 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 have | parataxis |
| 24 | swimming | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 keep | xcomp |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 flows | advmod |
| 26 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 flows | nsubj |
| 27 | flows | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 swimming | advcl |
| 28 | over | over | ADP | _ | 30 gills | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 gills | nmod:poss |
| 30 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 flows | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 rest | punct |
| 32 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 36 rest | mark |
| 33 | nurse | nurse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sharks | compound |
| 34 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 rest | nsubj |
| 35 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 rest | aux |
| 36 | rest | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 keep | advcl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 pump | cc |
| 38 | pump | pump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 rest | conj |
| 39 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 pump | obj |
| 40 | over | over | ADP | _ | 41 theirs | case |
| 41 | theirs | their | PRON | Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 pump | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Most sharks | five gill slits | each side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slit=Patient | |||
| 2 | have | present | a few kinds | six | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent six=Patient | ||||
| 3 | keep | must | great whites | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | swim | gerund | great whites not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | flow | present | water | Sharks's gills | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over gill=Location | ||||
| 6 | rest | can | nurse sharks | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | pump | infinitive | nurse sharks not said here | water | over Sharks = shark | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme over their=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:20.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/20/