Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 7
Sperm whales nap upright near the surface for short spells, often about a quarter of an hour; in 2008 scientists drifted into a group of sleeping sperm whales that did not wake.
Who acts: Sperm whales, scientists, sleeping sperm whales · What happens: nap, drift, not wake · To what, where: surface, 2008
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sperm whales, scientists, sleeping sperm whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 whales | compound |
| 2 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 nap | nsubj |
| 3 | nap | nap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 3 nap | advmod |
| 5 | near | near | ADP | _ | 7 surface | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 surface | det |
| 7 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 nap | obl |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 spells | case |
| 9 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 spells | amod |
| 10 | spells | spell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 nap | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 quarter | punct |
| 12 | often | often | ADV | _ | 15 quarter | advmod |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 quarter | advmod |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 quarter | det |
| 15 | quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 spells | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 hour | case |
| 17 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 hour | det |
| 18 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 quarter | nmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 drifted | punct |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 2008 | case |
| 21 | 2008 | 2008 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 drifted | obl |
| 22 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 drifted | nsubj |
| 23 | drifted | drift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 nap | parataxis |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 26 group | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 group | det |
| 26 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 drifted | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 whales | case |
| 28 | sleeping | sleeping | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 whales | amod |
| 29 | sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 whales | compound |
| 30 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 group | nmod |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 wake | nsubj |
| 32 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 wake | aux |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 wake | advmod |
| 34 | wake | wake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 whales | acl:relcl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 nap | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | nap | present | Sperm whales | the surface | for short spells and a quarter of a hour; upright property | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | drift | past | scientists | 2008 | into a group of sleeping sperm whales | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in 2008=Source into group=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | not wake | past · do-support | sleeping sperm whales | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/7/