Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 8
A sperm whale has about 40 to 52 big teeth, all in the lower jaw, which fit into sockets in the upper jaw; because they swallow squid whole, what the teeth are for is still argued.
Who acts: sperm whale, 52 big teeth, whales · What happens: have, fit, swallow, argue · To what, where: 40, lower jaw, sockets, squid
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sperm whale, 52 big teeth, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 whale | det |
| 2 | sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 whale | compound |
| 3 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 40 | advmod |
| 6 | 40 | 40 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 has | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 52 | case |
| 8 | 52 | 52 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 teeth | nummod |
| 9 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 teeth | amod |
| 10 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 has | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 jaw | punct |
| 12 | all | all | ADV | _ | 16 jaw | advmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 jaw | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 jaw | det |
| 15 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 jaw | amod |
| 16 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 40 | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 fit | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 fit | nsubj |
| 19 | fit | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 teeth | acl:relcl |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 21 sockets | case |
| 21 | sockets | socket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 fit | obl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 jaw | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 jaw | det |
| 24 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 jaw | amod |
| 25 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fit | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 swallow | punct |
| 27 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 29 swallow | mark |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 swallow | nsubj |
| 29 | swallow | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | advcl |
| 30 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 swallow | obj |
| 31 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 swallow | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 what | punct |
| 33 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 argued | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 teeth | det |
| 35 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 argued | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 argued | aux:pass |
| 37 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 40 argued | mark |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 argued | aux:pass |
| 39 | still | still | ADV | _ | 40 argued | advmod |
| 40 | argued | argue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 has | parataxis |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a sperm whale | 40 | the lower jaw | tree rules | |||
| 2 | fit | present | 52 big teeth | sockets | in the upper jaw | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into socket=Destination | |||
| 3 | swallow | present | whales = whale | squid | whole property | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squid=Patient | |||
| 4 | argue speech: disagree | present · passive | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/8/