Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 9
Ambergris is a waxy lump that forms in a sperm whale's gut around hard squid beaks and can wash ashore; it was used in perfume for hundreds of years, and some countries now ban selling it.
Who acts: Ambergris, waxy lump, countries · What happens: be, form, wash, use, ban, sell · To what, where: waxy lump, gut, perfume
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ambergris, waxy lump, countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ambergris | ambergris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 lump | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 lump | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 lump | det |
| 4 | waxy | waxy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 lump | amod |
| 5 | lump | lump | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 forms | nsubj |
| 7 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 lump | acl:relcl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 gut | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 whale | det |
| 10 | sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 whale | compound |
| 11 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gut | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 whale | case |
| 13 | gut | gut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 forms | obl |
| 14 | around | around | ADP | _ | 17 beaks | case |
| 15 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 beaks | amod |
| 16 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 beaks | compound |
| 17 | beaks | beak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 gut | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 wash | cc |
| 19 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 wash | aux |
| 20 | wash | wash | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 forms | conj |
| 21 | ashore | ashore | ADV | _ | 20 wash | advmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 used | punct |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 used | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 used | aux:pass |
| 25 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 forms | conj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 perfume | case |
| 27 | perfume | perfume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 used | obl |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 hundreds | case |
| 29 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 used | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 years | case |
| 31 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 hundreds | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 ban | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 used | cc |
| 34 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 countries | det |
| 35 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 ban | nsubj |
| 36 | now | now | ADV | _ | 37 ban | advmod |
| 37 | ban | ban | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 used | conj |
| 38 | selling | sell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 ban | xcomp |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 selling | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 lump | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ambergris | a waxy lump | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | form | present | a waxy lump | a sperm whale's gut around hard squid beaks | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in gut=Location | ||||
| 3 | wash | can | a waxy lump not said here | ashore property | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | use | past · passive | gut | perfume | for hundreds of years | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for hundred=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | ban | present | some countries | now | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | sell | gerund | some countries not said here | gut | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/9/