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Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 10

A bat's wing is a hand: four long fingers hold up the skin and a short clawed thumb sticks out; the skin stretches between the fingers, the body and the legs, and the name Chiroptera means hand-wing.

Who acts: wing, four long fingers, short clawed thumb, skin, name · What happens: be, hold up, claw, stick out, stretch, mean · To what, where: hand, skin, hand wing

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wing, four long fingers, short clawed thumb, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detnmod:posscasensubjcopdetpunctnummodamodnsubjparataxiscompound:prtdetobjccdetamodamodnsubjconjcompound:prtpunctdetnsubjconjcasedetoblpunctdetconjccdetconjpunctccdetnsubjapposconjcompoundpunctobjpunctrootADETbatNOUN'sPARTwingNOUNisAUXaDEThandNOUN:PUNCTfourNUMlongADJfingersNOUNholdVERBupADPtheDETskinNOUNandCCONJaDETshortADJclawedVERBthumbNOUNsticksVERBoutADP;PUNCTtheDETskinNOUNstretchesVERBbetweenADPtheDETfingersNOUN,PUNCTtheDETbodyNOUNandCCONJtheDETlegsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETnameNOUNChiropteraPROPNmeansVERBhandNOUN-PUNCTwingNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art2 batdet
2batbatNOUNNumber=Sing4 wingnmod:poss
3's'sPART_2 batcase
4wingwingNOUNNumber=Sing7 handnsubj
5isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 handcop
6aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 handdet
7handhandNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
8::PUNCT_12 holdpunct
9fourfourNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card11 fingersnummod
10longlongADJDegree=Pos11 fingersamod
11fingersfingerNOUNNumber=Plur12 holdnsubj
12holdholdVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 handparataxis
13upupADP_12 holdcompound:prt
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 skindet
15skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing12 holdobj
16andandCCONJ_21 stickscc
17aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art20 thumbdet
18shortshortADJDegree=Pos20 thumbamod
19clawedclawVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass20 thumbamod
20thumbthumbNOUNNumber=Sing21 sticksnsubj
21sticksstickVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin12 holdconj
22outoutADP_21 stickscompound:prt
23;;PUNCT_26 stretchespunct
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 skindet
25skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing26 stretchesnsubj
26stretchesstretchVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin21 sticksconj
27betweenbetweenADP_29 fingerscase
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 fingersdet
29fingersfingerNOUNNumber=Plur26 stretchesobl
30,,PUNCT_32 bodypunct
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 bodydet
32bodybodyNOUNNumber=Sing29 fingersconj
33andandCCONJ_35 legscc
34thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 legsdet
35legslegNOUNNumber=Plur29 fingersconj
36,,PUNCT_41 meanspunct
37andandCCONJ_41 meanscc
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 namedet
39namenameNOUNNumber=Sing41 meansnsubj
40ChiropterachiropteraPROPNNumber=Sing39 nameappos
41meansmeanVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin26 stretchesconj
42handhandNOUNNumber=Sing44 wingcompound
43--PUNCT_42 handpunct
44wingwingNOUNNumber=Sing41 meansobj
45..PUNCT_7 handpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresenta bat's winga handtree rules
2hold uppresentfour long fingersthe skinvn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot skin=Theme
3clawparticiplevn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4stick outpresenta short clawed thumbvn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
5stretchpresentthe skinbetween the fingers and the body and the legsvn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6meanpresentthe namehand wingvn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/10/