Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 14

Vampire bats can walk, run and hop on all fours, creeping up on a sleeping animal on foot, while most bats are clumsy on the ground.

Who acts: Vampire bats, most bats · What happens: walk, run, hop, creep up, sleep, be · To what, where: fours, foot, ground

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vampire bats, most bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vampire	vampire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bats	compound
2	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 walk	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 walk	aux
4	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 run	punct
6	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 walk	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 hop	cc
8	hop	hop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 walk	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 fours	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 fours	det
11	fours	four	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 hop	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 creeping	punct
13	creeping	creep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 run	advcl
14	up	up	ADP	_	13 creeping	compound:prt
15	on	on	ADP	_	18 animal	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 animal	det
17	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	18 animal	amod
18	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 creeping	obl
19	on	on	ADP	_	20 foot	case
20	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 creeping	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 clumsy	punct
22	while	while	SCONJ	_	26 clumsy	mark
23	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	24 bats	amod
24	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 clumsy	nsubj
25	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 clumsy	cop
26	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 walk	advcl
27	on	on	ADP	_	29 ground	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 ground	det
29	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 clumsy	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 walk	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	walk	can	Vampire bats			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	run	infinitive	Vampire bats not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	hop	infinitive	Vampire bats not said here	all fours		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on four=Trajectory
4	creep up	gerund	Vampire bats not said here	foot	on a sleeping animal	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on animal=Trajectory
5	sleep	gerund				vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is	present	most bats	the ground	clumsy property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/14/