Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 18

Wild bananas, durians and agave plants are pollinated by bats; bat flowers are pale, strong-smelling and open at night, and one small nectar bat has a tongue about one and a half times as long as its body.

Who acts: bats, bat flowers, one small nectar bat · What happens: pollinate, be, smell, have · To what, where: Wild bananas, tongue

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bats, bat flowers, one small nectar bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bananas	amod
2	bananas	banana	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 pollinated	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 durians	punct
4	durians	durian	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bananas	conj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 plants	cc
6	agave	agave	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plants	compound
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bananas	conj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 pollinated	aux:pass
9	pollinated	pollinate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 bats	case
11	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 pollinated	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 pale	punct
13	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 flowers	compound
14	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 pale	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 pale	cop
16	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 pollinated	parataxis
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 smelling	punct
18	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 smelling	amod
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 smelling	punct
20	smelling	smell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 pale	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 open	cc
22	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 pale	conj
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 night	case
24	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 open	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 has	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 has	cc
27	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 bat	nummod
28	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 bat	amod
29	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 bat	compound
30	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 has	nsubj
31	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 pollinated	conj
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 tongue	det
33	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 has	obj
34	about	about	ADV	_	35 one	advmod
35	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	33 tongue	nmod
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 times	cc
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 half	det
38	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	39 times	compound
39	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 one	conj
40	as	as	ADV	_	41 long	advmod
41	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 times	amod
42	as	as	ADP	_	44 body	case
43	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	44 body	nmod:poss
44	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 long	obl
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 pollinated	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	pollinate	present · passive	bats	Wild bananas and durians and agave plants			tree rules
2	is	present	bat flowers			pale property	tree rules
3	smell	gerund	bat flowers not said here				vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	be		bat flowers not said here		night		tree rules
5	have	present	one small nectar bat	a tongue one and half times			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/18/