Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up, sentence 13
A bat on the ground in daytime may be hurt, cold, tired or a lost baby; never pick it up with bare hands, because some British bats carry a rare rabies-like virus and only trained, vaccinated people should handle them.
Who acts: British bats, rabies · What happens: hurt, lose, not pick up, carry, train, vaccinate · To what, where: bat, rare like virus, people
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British bats, rabies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 bat | det |
| 2 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hurt | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 ground | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 ground | det |
| 5 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bat | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 daytime | case |
| 7 | daytime | daytime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ground | nmod |
| 8 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 hurt | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 hurt | aux:pass |
| 10 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cold | punct |
| 12 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 hurt | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tired | punct |
| 14 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 cold | parataxis |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 baby | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 baby | det |
| 17 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 baby | amod |
| 18 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tired | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 pick | punct |
| 20 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 21 pick | advmod |
| 21 | pick | pick | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 10 hurt | parataxis |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 pick | obj |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 pick | compound:prt |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 hands | case |
| 25 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 hands | amod |
| 26 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 pick | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 carry | punct |
| 28 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 32 carry | mark |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 bats | det |
| 30 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 bats | amod |
| 31 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 carry | nsubj |
| 32 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 pick | advcl |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 virus | det |
| 34 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 virus | amod |
| 35 | rabies | rabies | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 handle | nsubj |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 virus | punct |
| 37 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 virus | amod |
| 38 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 carry | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 trained | cc |
| 40 | only | only | ADV | _ | 41 trained | advmod |
| 41 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 virus | acl:relcl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 vaccinated | punct |
| 43 | vaccinated | vaccinate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 people | amod |
| 44 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 handle | nsubj |
| 45 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 handle | aux |
| 46 | handle | handle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 carry | ccomp |
| 47 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 handle | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 hurt | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- warn
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=warn
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hurt | may · passive | a bat on the ground in daytime | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | lose | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | not pick up | infinitive | bat | with bare hands | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | ||||
| 4 | carry | present | some British bats | a rare like virus | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | train | participle | a rare like virus not said here | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | vaccinate | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | handle | should | rabies | people | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/13/