Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer, sentence 15
The muntjac, a small deer from China, escaped from parks into the English countryside about a hundred years ago; males have short antlers and long tusk-like teeth, it barks, and it can breed at any time of year.
Who acts: muntjac, males · What happens: escape, have, bark, breed · To what, where: parks, short antlers
This is a sentence of the lesson «Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muntjac, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 muntjac | det |
| 2 | muntjac | muntjac | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 escaped | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 deer | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 deer | det |
| 5 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 deer | amod |
| 6 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 muntjac | appos |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 China | case |
| 8 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 deer | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 muntjac | punct |
| 10 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 parks | case |
| 12 | parks | park | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 escaped | obl |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 countryside | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 countryside | det |
| 15 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 countryside | amod |
| 16 | countryside | countryside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 escaped | obl |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 19 hundred | advmod |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 hundred | det |
| 19 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 years | nummod |
| 20 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 10 escaped | advmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 have | punct |
| 23 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 have | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 escaped | parataxis |
| 25 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 antlers | amod |
| 26 | antlers | antler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 have | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 teeth | cc |
| 28 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 teeth | amod |
| 29 | tusk | tusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 like | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 like | punct |
| 31 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 teeth | amod |
| 32 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 antlers | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 barks | punct |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 barks | nsubj |
| 35 | barks | bark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 have | parataxis |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 breed | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 breed | cc |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 breed | nsubj |
| 39 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 breed | aux |
| 40 | breed | breed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 barks | conj |
| 41 | at | at | ADP | _ | 43 time | case |
| 42 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 43 time | det |
| 43 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 breed | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 year | case |
| 45 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 time | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 escaped | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | escape | past | the muntjac | parks | into the English countryside; ago property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from park=Initial_Location into countryside=Destination | |||
| 2 | have | present | males | short antlers and long like teeth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient | ||||
| 3 | bark | present | muntjac | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | breed | can | muntjac | time | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:318-deer-antlers-that-fall-off-and-grow-again-red-deer-roe-deer-moose-muntjac-and-water-deer.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/318-deer-antlers-that-fall-off-and-grow-again-red-deer-roe-deer-moose-muntjac-and-water-deer/15/