Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world, sentence 14
The sloth bear of India and Sri Lanka has a gap where two upper front teeth are missing; it closes its nostrils, blows away dust and sucks termites up through the gap, and mothers carry their cubs on their backs.
Who acts: sloth bear, two upper front teeth, bear, mothers · What happens: have, be, close, blow away, suck, carry · To what, where: gap, nostrils, dust, termites, cubs, backs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sloth bear, two upper front teeth, bear, mothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bear | det |
| 2 | sloth | sloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bear | compound |
| 3 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 has | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 India | case |
| 5 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 bear | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Sri | cc |
| 7 | Sri | Sri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 India | conj |
| 8 | Lanka | Lanka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Sri | flat |
| 9 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 gap | det |
| 11 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 has | obj |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 missing | advmod |
| 13 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 teeth | nummod |
| 14 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 teeth | amod |
| 15 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 teeth | amod |
| 16 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 missing | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 missing | cop |
| 18 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 gap | acl:relcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 closes | punct |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 closes | nsubj |
| 21 | closes | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 has | parataxis |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 23 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 closes | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 blows | punct |
| 25 | blows | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 closes | conj |
| 26 | away | away | ADV | _ | 25 blows | advmod |
| 27 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 blows | obj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 sucks | cc |
| 29 | sucks | suck | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 blows | conj |
| 30 | termites | termite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 sucks | obj |
| 31 | up | up | ADP | _ | 30 termites | compound:prt |
| 32 | through | through | ADP | _ | 34 gap | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 gap | det |
| 34 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 sucks | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 carry | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 carry | cc |
| 37 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 carry | nsubj |
| 38 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 sucks | conj |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 cubs | nmod:poss |
| 40 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 carry | obj |
| 41 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 backs | case |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 backs | nmod:poss |
| 43 | backs | back | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 carry | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the sloth bear of India and Sri | a gap | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | two upper front teeth | missing property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | close | present | bear | bear's nostrils | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nostril=Patient | ||||
| 4 | blow away | present | bear not said here | dust | away property | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent dust=Patient | |||
| 5 | suck | present | bear not said here | termites | the gap | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent termite=Source | |||
| 6 | carry | present | mothers | mothers's cubs | mothers's backs | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/14/