Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world, sentence 8

The polar bear is the most meat-eating bear, hunting seals on the sea ice and waiting at breathing holes because seals must come up for air; as the sea ice melts, polar bears must swim further and go hungry longer.

Who acts: polar bear, meat eating bear, seals, sea ice, polar bears · What happens: eat, be, hunt, wait, come up, melt · To what, where: meat eating bear, seals, sea ice, breathing holes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (polar bear, meat eating bear, seals, sea ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bear	det
2	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bear	amod
3	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bear	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 bear	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bear	det
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	10 bear	advmod
7	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bear	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 meat	punct
9	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 bear	amod
10	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 hunting	punct
12	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 bear	acl
13	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 hunting	obj
14	on	on	ADP	_	17 ice	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ice	det
16	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 ice	compound
17	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 seals	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 waiting	cc
19	waiting	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 hunting	conj
20	at	at	ADP	_	22 holes	case
21	breathing	breathe	ADJ	_	22 holes	amod
22	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 waiting	obl
23	because	because	SCONJ	_	26 come	mark
24	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 come	nsubj
25	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 come	aux
26	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 waiting	advcl
27	up	up	ADP	_	26 come	compound:prt
28	for	for	ADP	_	29 air	case
29	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 come	obl
30	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 melts	punct
31	as	as	SCONJ	_	35 melts	mark
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 ice	det
33	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 ice	compound
34	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 melts	nsubj
35	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 swim	advcl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 bears	punct
37	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 bears	amod
38	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 swim	nsubj
39	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	40 swim	aux
40	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 bear	parataxis
41	further	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	40 swim	advmod
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 go	cc
43	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	40 swim	conj
44	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 go	xcomp
45	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	43 go	advmod
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 bear	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	eat	gerund					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the polar bear	the meat eating bear			tree rules
3	hunt	gerund	the meat eating bear not said here	seals	the sea ice		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent seal=Theme on ice=Location
4	wait	gerund	the meat eating bear not said here		breathing holes		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at hole=Location
5	come up	must	seals			for air	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	melt	present	the sea ice				vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	swim	must	polar bears			far property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	go	infinitive	polar bears not said here			hungry, long property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/8/