Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 1
Look at a clump of frogspawn in a garden pond in March: each black dot is an egg in a ball of jelly, and in a few months it becomes a tadpole with gills, then grows back legs, front legs, and soaks its tail back into its body.
Who acts: you, black dot, dot · What happens: look, be, become, grow back, soak · To what, where: egg, ball, tadpole, legs, tail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, black dot, dot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 clump | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 clump | det |
| 4 | clump | clump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Look | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 frogspawn | case |
| 6 | frogspawn | frogspawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 clump | nmod |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 pond | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 pond | det |
| 9 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pond | compound |
| 10 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 clump | nmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 March | case |
| 12 | March | March | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 pond | nmod |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 egg | punct |
| 14 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 dot | det |
| 15 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 dot | amod |
| 16 | dot | dot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 egg | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 egg | cop |
| 18 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 egg | det |
| 19 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pond | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 ball | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 ball | det |
| 22 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 egg | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 jelly | case |
| 24 | jelly | jelly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ball | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 becomes | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 becomes | cc |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 months | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 months | det |
| 29 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 months | amod |
| 30 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 becomes | obl |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 becomes | nsubj |
| 32 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Look | conj |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 tadpole | det |
| 34 | tadpole | tadpole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 becomes | xcomp |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 gills | case |
| 36 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 tadpole | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 grows | punct |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 39 grows | advmod |
| 39 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Look | parataxis |
| 40 | back | back | ADP | _ | 39 grows | compound:prt |
| 41 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 grows | obj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 legs | punct |
| 43 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 legs | amod |
| 44 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 legs | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 soaks | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 soaks | cc |
| 47 | soaks | soak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 grows | conj |
| 48 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 tail | nmod:poss |
| 49 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 soaks | obj |
| 50 | back | back | ADV | _ | 47 soaks | advmod |
| 51 | into | into | ADP | _ | 53 body | case |
| 52 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 body | nmod:poss |
| 53 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 back | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Look | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | imperative | you not said here | at a clump of frogspawn in a garden pond in March and a egg | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at clump=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | each black dot | a egg | a ball of jelly | tree rules | |||
| 3 | become | present | dot | a tadpole with gills | month | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 4 | grow back | present | legs and front legs | then | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme | ||||
| 5 | soak | present | dot's tail | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent tail=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/1/