Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 10
A frog swallows prey whole and pulls its eyeballs down into its head to help push the food down its throat.
Who acts: frog · What happens: swallow, pull down, help, push down · To what, where: prey, eyeballs, head, food
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 frog | det |
| 2 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swallows | nsubj |
| 3 | swallows | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swallows | obj |
| 5 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 swallows | xcomp |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 pulls | cc |
| 7 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 swallows | conj |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 eyeballs | nmod:poss |
| 9 | eyeballs | eyeball | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pulls | obj |
| 10 | down | down | ADV | _ | 7 pulls | advmod |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 head | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 head | nmod:poss |
| 13 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pulls | obl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 help | mark |
| 15 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 pulls | advcl |
| 16 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 help | xcomp |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 food | det |
| 18 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 push | obj |
| 19 | down | down | PART | _ | 16 push | compound:prt |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 throat | nmod:poss |
| 21 | throat | throat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 push | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swallows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swallow | present | a frog | prey | whole property | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient | |||
| 2 | pull down | present | a frog not said here | prey's eyeballs | prey's head | down property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eyeball=Theme | ||
| 3 | help | to-infinitive | a frog not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | push down | infinitive | a frog not said here | the food | prey's throat obl | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/10/