Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 11
Poison dart frogs warn enemies with bright colours; they get their poison from ants and mites they eat in the wild, so zoo frogs fed on fruit flies are not poisonous.
Who acts: dart frogs, Frogs, zoo frogs · What happens: warn, get, eat, feed, not be · To what, where: enemies, poison, ants, wild, zoo frogs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dart frogs, Frogs, zoo frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 dart | compound |
| 2 | dart | dart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 frogs | compound |
| 3 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 warn | nsubj |
| 4 | warn | warn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 warn | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 colours | case |
| 7 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 colours | amod |
| 8 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 warn | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 get | punct |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 get | nsubj |
| 11 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 warn | parataxis |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 poison | nmod:poss |
| 13 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 get | obj |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 ants | case |
| 15 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 get | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 mites | cc |
| 17 | mites | mite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 ants | conj |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 eat | nsubj |
| 19 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 ants | acl:relcl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 wild | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wild | det |
| 22 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 eat | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 poisonous | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 poisonous | advmod |
| 25 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 frogs | compound |
| 26 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 poisonous | nsubj |
| 27 | fed | feed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 frogs | acl |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 flies | case |
| 29 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 flies | compound |
| 30 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 fed | obl |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 poisonous | cop |
| 32 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 poisonous | advmod |
| 33 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 warn | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 warn | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | warn speech: warn | present | dart frogs | enemies | with bright colours | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent enemy=Recipient | |||
| 2 | get | present | Frogs = frog | Frogs's poison | ants and mites | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent poison=Theme from ant=Source | |||
| 3 | eat | present | Frogs = frog | ants and mites not said here | the wild | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient | |||
| 4 | feed | participle | zoo frogs not said here | on fruit flies | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on fly=Patient | ||||
| 5 | not is | present | zoo frogs | poisonous property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/11/