Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 16

Male frogs call to rivals and females, often blowing up a vocal sac that makes the sound louder, like the body of a guitar.

Who acts: Male frogs, vocal sac · What happens: call, blow up, make · To what, where: rivals, vocal sac, sound · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male frogs, vocal sac), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 call	nsubj
3	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 rivals	case
5	rivals	rival	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 call	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 females	cc
7	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rivals	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 blowing	punct
9	often	often	ADV	_	10 blowing	advmod
10	blowing	blow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 call	advcl
11	up	up	ADP	_	10 blowing	compound:prt
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 sac	det
13	vocal	vocal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 sac	amod
14	sac	sac	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blowing	obj
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 makes	nsubj
16	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 sac	acl:relcl
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sound	det
18	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 makes	obj
19	louder	loud	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	16 makes	xcomp
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 body	punct
21	like	like	ADP	_	23 body	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 body	det
23	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blowing	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 guitar	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 guitar	det
26	guitar	guitar	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 body	nmod
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 call	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	call	present	Male frogs		rivals and females		vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to rival=Recipient
2	blow up	gerund	Male frogs not said here	a vocal sac		like the body of a guitar; often property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent sac=Patient
3	make	present	a vocal sac	the sound		loud property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/16/