Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 8

Toads have dry, warty skin and short legs for walking; on wet spring nights they walk back to the pond where they hatched, and toad patrols carry them across roads.

Who acts: Toads, dry warty skin, toad patrols · What happens: have, walk, walk back, hatch, carry · To what, where: dry warty skin, toads, roads

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toads, dry warty skin, toad patrols), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skin	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 dry	punct
5	warty	warty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skin	amod
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 legs	cc
8	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 legs	amod
9	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 skin	conj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 walking	case
11	walking	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 skin	acl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 walk	punct
13	on	on	ADP	_	16 nights	case
14	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 nights	amod
15	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 nights	compound
16	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 walk	obl
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 walk	nsubj
18	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	parataxis
19	back	back	ADV	_	18 walk	advmod
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 pond	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 pond	det
22	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 walk	obl
23	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	25 hatched	advmod
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 hatched	nsubj
25	hatched	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 pond	acl:relcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 carry	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 carry	cc
28	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 patrols	compound
29	patrols	patrol	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 carry	nsubj
30	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 walk	conj
31	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 carry	obj
32	across	across	ADP	_	33 roads	case
33	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 carry	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Toads	dry warty skin and short legs				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
2	walk	gerund	dry warty skin and short legs not said here					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	walk back	present	toads = toad			night	to the pond result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to pond=Result
4	hatch	past	toads = toad					vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient
5	carry	present	toad patrols	toads = toad	roads			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/8/