Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 7

Frogs breathe partly through their thin, moist skin and drink through their skin, so they need damp places and are harmed quickly by pollution.

Who acts: Frogs, pollution · What happens: breathe, drink, need, harm · To what, where: thin moist skin, skin, damp places

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frogs, pollution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	partly	partly	ADV	_	2 breathe	advmod
4	through	through	ADP	_	9 skin	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 skin	nmod:poss
6	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 skin	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 thin	punct
8	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 skin	amod
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 drink	cc
11	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breathe	conj
12	through	through	ADP	_	14 skin	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 skin	nmod:poss
14	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 drink	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 need	punct
16	so	so	ADV	_	18 need	advmod
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 need	nsubj
18	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breathe	parataxis
19	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 places	amod
20	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 need	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 harmed	cc
22	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 harmed	aux:pass
23	harmed	harm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 need	conj
24	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	23 harmed	advmod
25	by	by	ADP	_	26 pollution	case
26	pollution	pollution	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 harmed	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breathe	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	Frogs		Frogs's thin moist skin	partly property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	drink	present	Frogs not said here		Frogs's skin		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	need	present	Frogs = frog	damp places			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot place=Theme
4	harm	present · passive	pollution			quickly property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/7/