Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 6

Tadpoles breathe with gills; during metamorphosis they grow back legs, then front legs, form lungs, and the body breaks down the tail and uses it as food.

Who acts: Tadpoles, Frogs, body · What happens: breathe, grow back, form, break down, use · To what, where: legs, lungs, tail, tadpole

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tadpoles, Frogs, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	4 gills	case
4	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	obl
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 grow	punct
6	during	during	ADP	_	7 metamorphosis	case
7	metamorphosis	metamorphosis	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 grow	obl
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 grow	nsubj
9	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breathe	parataxis
10	back	back	ADP	_	9 grow	compound:prt
11	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 grow	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 legs	punct
13	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 legs	advmod
14	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 legs	amod
15	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 legs	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lungs	punct
17	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 grow	conj
18	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 form	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 breaks	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 breaks	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 body	det
22	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 breaks	nsubj
23	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 grow	conj
24	down	down	ADP	_	26 tail	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 tail	det
26	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 breaks	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 uses	cc
28	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 breaks	conj
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 uses	obj
30	as	as	ADP	_	31 food	case
31	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 uses	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breathe	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	Tadpoles			with gills	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	grow back	present	Frogs = frog	legs and front legs	during metamorphosis		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme
3	form	present	Frogs = frog not said here	lungs			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lung=Theme
4	break down	present	the body	the tail			vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient
5	use	present	the body not said here	tadpole		as food	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Duration as food=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/6/