Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 5

A common frog lays about 1,000 to 2,000 eggs in one clump of frogspawn, while toads lay their eggs in long strings round water plants; most eggs and tadpoles are eaten, so only a handful grow up, and adult frogs hunt on land and come back to the pond to breed.

Who acts: common frog, toads, handful, adult frogs · What happens: lay about, lay, eat, grow up, hunt, come back · To what, where: 1,000 eggs, one clump, eggs, long strings, most eggs, land

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (common frog, toads, handful, adult frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 frog	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 frog	amod
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lays	nsubj
4	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	about	about	ADV	_	6 1,000	advmod
6	1,000	1000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 eggs	nummod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 2,000	case
8	2,000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 1,000	nmod
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lays	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 clump	case
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 clump	nummod
12	clump	clump	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lays	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 frogspawn	case
14	frogspawn	frogspawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 clump	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lay	punct
16	while	while	SCONJ	_	18 lay	mark
17	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 lay	nsubj
18	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lays	advcl
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 eggs	nmod:poss
20	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 lay	obj
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 strings	case
22	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 strings	amod
23	strings	string	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 lay	obl
24	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 plants	case
25	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 plants	compound
26	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 strings	nmod
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 eaten	punct
28	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	29 eggs	amod
29	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 eaten	nsubj:pass
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 tadpoles	cc
31	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 eggs	conj
32	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 eaten	aux:pass
33	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 lays	parataxis
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 grow	punct
35	so	so	ADV	_	39 grow	advmod
36	only	only	ADV	_	38 handful	advmod
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 handful	det
38	handful	handful	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 grow	nsubj
39	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 eaten	parataxis
40	up	up	ADP	_	39 grow	compound:prt
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 hunt	punct
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 hunt	cc
43	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 frogs	amod
44	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 hunt	nsubj
45	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 grow	conj
46	on	on	ADP	_	47 land	case
47	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 hunt	obl
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 come	cc
49	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 hunt	conj
50	back	back	ADV	_	49 come	advmod
51	to	to	ADP	_	53 pond	case
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	53 pond	det
53	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 back	obl
54	to	to	PART	_	55 breed	mark
55	breed	breed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	49 come	advcl
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lays	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	lay about	present	a common frog	1,000 eggs	one clump of frogspawn	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in clump=Destination
2	lay	present	toads	Frogs's eggs	long strings round water plants	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in string=Destination
3	eat	present · passive		most eggs and tadpoles		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	grow up	present	a handful			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	hunt	present	adult frogs		land	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent on land=Location
6	come back	present	adult frogs not said here			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	breed	to-infinitive	adult frogs not said here			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/5/