Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 18
In India a medicine given to cattle poisoned the vultures that ate dead cattle, and almost all of them died; dead animals lay rotting and stray dogs and rats increased, and the medicine was then banned for cattle.
Who acts: medicine, vultures, all, dead animals, stray dogs · What happens: give, poison, eat, die, lay, rot · To what, where: medicine, cattle, vultures, India, dead cattle
This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (medicine, vultures, all, dead animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 India | case |
| 2 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 poisoned | obl |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 medicine | det |
| 4 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 poisoned | nsubj |
| 5 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 medicine | acl |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 cattle | case |
| 7 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 given | obl |
| 8 | poisoned | poison | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 vultures | det |
| 10 | vultures | vulture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 poisoned | obj |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 ate | nsubj |
| 12 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 vultures | acl:relcl |
| 13 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cattle | amod |
| 14 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 ate | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 died | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 died | cc |
| 17 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 18 all | advmod |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 died | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 all | nmod |
| 21 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 poisoned | conj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 rotting | punct |
| 23 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 animals | amod |
| 24 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lay | nsubj |
| 25 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 poisoned | conj |
| 26 | rotting | rot | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 lay | xcomp |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 increased | cc |
| 28 | stray | stray | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 dogs | amod |
| 29 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 increased | nsubj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 rats | cc |
| 31 | rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 dogs | conj |
| 32 | increased | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 lay | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 banned | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 banned | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 medicine | det |
| 36 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 banned | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 banned | aux:pass |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 39 banned | advmod |
| 39 | banned | ban | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 increased | conj |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 cattle | case |
| 41 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 banned | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 poisoned | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | participle | a medicine not said here | cattle | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to cattle=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | poison | past | a medicine | the vultures | India | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vulture=Patient | |||
| 3 | eat | past | the vultures | dead cattle | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient | ||||
| 4 | die | past | all | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | lay | present | dead animals | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | rot | gerund | dead animals not said here | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | increase | past | stray dogs and rats | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 8 | ban | past · passive | the medicine | then | for cattle | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/18/