A puppy at home: the first weeks, sentence 12
Puppies learn how hard to bite by playing with their littermates; if a person says «ouch» and stops the game, the puppy learns gentle mouths keep the fun going.
Who acts: Puppies, person, puppy, gentle mouths, fun · What happens: learn, bite, play, say, stop, keep · To what, where: ouch, game · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «A puppy at home: the first weeks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Puppies, person, puppy, gentle mouths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Puppies | puppy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 learn | nsubj |
| 2 | learn | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 hard | advmod |
| 4 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 learn | xcomp |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 bite | mark |
| 6 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 hard | ccomp |
| 7 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 8 playing | mark |
| 8 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 bite | advcl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 littermates | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 littermates | nmod:poss |
| 11 | littermates | littermate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 playing | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 says | punct |
| 13 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 says | mark |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 person | det |
| 15 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 says | nsubj |
| 16 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 learn | conj |
| 17 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 18 ouch | punct |
| 18 | ouch | ouch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 says | obj |
| 19 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 18 ouch | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 stops | cc |
| 21 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 says | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 game | det |
| 23 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 stops | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 learns | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 puppy | det |
| 26 | puppy | puppy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 learns | nsubj |
| 27 | learns | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 stops | conj |
| 28 | gentle | gentle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 mouths | amod |
| 29 | mouths | mouth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 keep | nsubj |
| 30 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 learns | ccomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 fun | det |
| 32 | fun | fun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 going | nsubj |
| 33 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 keep | xcomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 learn | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | present | Puppies | hard property | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | bite | to-infinitive | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | play | gerund | with dogs's littermates | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with littermate=Theme | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert a condition, not said to happen | present | a person | ouch | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ouch=Topic | ||||
| 5 | stop | present | a person not said here | the game | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality game=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | learn | present | the puppy | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | keep | present | gentle mouths | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | go | gerund | the fun | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:326-a-puppy-at-home-the-first-weeks.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/326-a-puppy-at-home-the-first-weeks/12/