Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 10
A chick breaks out using an egg tooth, a hard point on its beak that falls off a few days after hatching; people should not help it out, because it is still taking in the last of its yolk and will finish by itself.
Who acts: chick, beak, people, it · What happens: break out, use, fall off, hatch, not help out, take in · To what, where: egg tooth, chick, last
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chick, beak, people, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 chick | det |
| 2 | chick | chick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 breaks | nsubj |
| 3 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 breaks | compound:prt |
| 5 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 breaks | advcl |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 tooth | det |
| 7 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tooth | compound |
| 8 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 using | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 using | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 point | det |
| 11 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 point | amod |
| 12 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tooth | appos |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 beak | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 beak | nmod:poss |
| 15 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 point | nmod |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 falls | nsubj |
| 17 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 beak | acl:relcl |
| 18 | off | off | ADP | _ | 17 falls | compound:prt |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 days | det |
| 20 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 days | amod |
| 21 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 falls | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 23 hatching | mark |
| 23 | hatching | hatch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 falls | advcl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 help | punct |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 help | nsubj |
| 26 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 help | aux |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 help | advmod |
| 28 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 breaks | parataxis |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 help | obj |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 28 help | compound:prt |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 taking | punct |
| 32 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 36 taking | mark |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 taking | nsubj |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 taking | aux |
| 35 | still | still | ADV | _ | 36 taking | advmod |
| 36 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 help | advcl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 taking | compound:prt |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 last | det |
| 39 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 taking | obj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 yolk | case |
| 41 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 yolk | nmod:poss |
| 42 | yolk | yolk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 last | nmod |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 finish | cc |
| 44 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 finish | aux |
| 45 | finish | finish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 taking | conj |
| 46 | by | by | ADP | _ | 47 itself | case |
| 47 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 45 finish | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 breaks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break out | present | a chick | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | use | gerund | a chick not said here | a egg tooth | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 3 | fall off | present | chick's beak | day | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | hatch | gerund | chick's beak not said here | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | not help out | should | people | chick | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | take in | present · progressive | it | the last of chick's yolk | still | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent last=Theme | |||
| 7 | finish | future | by chick | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/10/