Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 12

Ducks spread oil from a gland near the tail over their tightly zipped feathers, so rain runs off them; thick oil from a spill at sea glues the feathers so water gets in and the bird gets soaked and cold.

Who acts: Ducks, rain, spill, water · What happens: spread, zipped, run off, glue, get in, soak · To what, where: oil, gland, Ducks, feathers, sea, bird

This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ducks, rain, spill, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	nsubj
2	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spread	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 gland	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 gland	det
6	gland	gland	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spread	obl
7	near	near	ADP	_	9 tail	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tail	det
9	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gland	nmod
10	over	over	ADP	_	14 feathers	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 feathers	nmod:poss
12	tightly	tightly	ADV	_	13 zipped	advmod
13	zipped	zipped	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 feathers	amod
14	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 tail	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 runs	punct
16	so	so	ADV	_	18 runs	advmod
17	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 runs	nsubj
18	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spread	advcl
19	off	off	ADP	_	20 them	case
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 runs	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 oil	punct
22	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 oil	amod
23	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gland	conj
24	from	from	ADP	_	26 spill	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 spill	det
26	spill	spill	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 oil	nmod
27	at	at	ADP	_	28 sea	case
28	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 glues	obl
29	glues	glue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 spill	acl:relcl
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 feathers	det
31	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 glues	obj
32	so	so	ADV	_	34 gets	advmod
33	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 gets	nsubj
34	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 glues	advcl
35	in	in	ADV	_	34 gets	advmod
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 soaked	cc
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 bird	det
38	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 soaked	nsubj
39	gets	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 soaked	aux:pass
40	soaked	soak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	34 gets	conj
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 cold	cc
42	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 soaked	conj
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spread	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spread	present	Ducks	oil	a gland near the tail over Ducks's zipped feathers and thick oil from a spill		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location oil=Theme
2	zipped	participle				tightly property	tree rules
3	run off	present	rain	Ducks = duck			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Trajectory
4	glue	present	a spill not said here	the feathers	sea		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
5	get in	present	water				vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
6	soak	present · passive		the bird			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/12/