Unusual pets: stick insects, giant snails, ant farms and hermit crabs, sentence 15
Dead ants give off a smell that tells others to carry them out, which keeps germs away from the nest; scientists dabbed that smell on living ants and their sisters carried them out too.
Who acts: Dead ants, smell, others, scientists, sisters · What happens: give off, tell, carry out, keep, dab, live · To what, where: smell, others, ants, germs, living ants · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Unusual pets: stick insects, giant snails, ant farms and hermit crabs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dead ants, smell, others, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 ants | amod |
| 2 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 give | nsubj |
| 3 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 3 give | compound:prt |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 smell | det |
| 6 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 give | obj |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 tells | nsubj |
| 8 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 smell | acl:relcl |
| 9 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 tells | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 carry | mark |
| 11 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 tells | xcomp |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 carry | obj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 carry | compound:prt |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 keeps | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 keeps | nsubj |
| 16 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 smell | acl:relcl |
| 17 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 keeps | obj |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 keeps | advmod |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 nest | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 nest | det |
| 21 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 away | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 dabbed | punct |
| 23 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 dabbed | nsubj |
| 24 | dabbed | dab | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 give | parataxis |
| 25 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 smell | det |
| 26 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 dabbed | obj |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 ants | case |
| 28 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 ants | compound |
| 29 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 dabbed | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 carried | cc |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 32 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 carried | nsubj |
| 33 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 dabbed | conj |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 carried | obj |
| 35 | out | out | ADP | _ | 33 carried | compound:prt |
| 36 | too | too | ADV | _ | 33 carried | advmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 give | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give off | present | Dead ants | a smell | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smell=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | present | a smell | others | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent other=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | carry out not said to happen | to-infinitive | others not said here | ants = ant | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | keep | present | a smell | germs | away property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | |||
| 5 | dab | past | scientists | that smell | living ants | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent smell=Theme on ant=Destination | |||
| 6 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | carry out | past | ants's sisters | ants = ant | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:330-unusual-pets-stick-insects-giant-snails-ant-farms-and-hermit-crabs.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/330-unusual-pets-stick-insects-giant-snails-ant-farms-and-hermit-crabs/15/