The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day, sentence 12

Grasshoppers chirp by rubbing their back legs against their wings, crickets rub their wings together, and the warmer it is, the faster they chirp.

Who acts: Grasshoppers, crickets, wing · What happens: chirp, rub, be · To what, where: back legs, wings

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grasshoppers, crickets, wing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grasshoppers	grasshopper	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chirp	nsubj
2	chirp	chirp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 rubbing	mark
4	rubbing	rub	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 chirp	advcl
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 legs	nmod:poss
6	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 legs	compound
7	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rubbing	obj
8	against	against	ADP	_	10 wings	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 wings	nmod:poss
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rubbing	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 rub	punct
12	crickets	cricket	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 rub	nsubj
13	rub	rub	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 chirp	conj
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 wings	nmod:poss
15	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 rub	obj
16	together	together	ADV	_	13 rub	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 warmer	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 warmer	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 warmer	det
20	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 rub	conj
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 warmer	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 warmer	cop
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 warmer	punct
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 chirp	det
25	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 chirp	amod
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 chirp	nsubj
27	chirp	chirp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 warmer	advcl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 chirp	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	chirp	present	Grasshoppers				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	rub	gerund	Grasshoppers not said here	Grasshoppers's back legs	Grasshoppers's wings		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent leg=Theme against wing=Destination
3	rub	present	crickets	Grasshoppers's wings		together property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wing=Theme
4	is	present	wing			warm property	tree rules
5	chirp	present	crickets = cricket				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/12/