The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day, sentence 14

Swifts spend almost their whole lives flying, even sleeping on the wing; they come to Britain in May and leave in August, and a young swift may fly for about two years without landing.

Who acts: Swifts, young swift · What happens: spend, fly, sleep, come, leave, land · To what, where: whole lives, wing, Britain

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swifts, young swift), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swifts	swift	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spend	nsubj
2	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	almost	almost	ADV	_	6 lives	advmod
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 lives	nmod:poss
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lives	amod
6	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spend	obj
7	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 spend	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 sleeping	punct
9	even	even	ADV	_	10 sleeping	advmod
10	sleeping	sleep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 flying	conj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 wing	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 wing	det
13	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sleeping	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 come	punct
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 come	nsubj
16	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spend	parataxis
17	to	to	ADP	_	18 Britain	case
18	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 come	obl
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 May	case
20	May	May	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 come	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 leave	cc
22	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 come	conj
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 August	case
24	August	August	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 leave	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 fly	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 fly	cc
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 swift	det
28	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 swift	amod
29	swift	swift	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 fly	nsubj
30	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 fly	aux
31	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 leave	conj
32	for	for	ADP	_	35 years	case
33	about	about	ADV	_	34 two	advmod
34	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	35 years	nummod
35	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 fly	obl
36	without	without	SCONJ	_	37 landing	mark
37	landing	land	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 fly	advcl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spend	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	spend	present	Swifts	swifts's whole lives			vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Asset
2	fly	gerund	Swifts not said here				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	sleep	gerund	Swifts not said here		the wing		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	come	present	swifts = swift		Britain	may	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to britain=Initial_Location
5	leave	present	swifts = swift not said here			august	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	fly	may	a young swift			year	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	land	gerund	a young swift not said here				vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/14/