The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day, sentence 15

Birds bathe to keep their feathers clean and working well; fresh water helps them in hot, dry weather, and starlings bathe in noisy crowds.

Who acts: Birds, fresh water, starlings · What happens: bathe, keep, work, help · To what, where: feathers, hot dry weather

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds, fresh water, starlings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bathe	nsubj
2	bathe	bathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 keep	mark
4	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 bathe	advcl
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 feathers	nmod:poss
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 keep	obj
7	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 keep	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 working	cc
9	working	work	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bathe	conj
10	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 working	advmod
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 helps	punct
12	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 water	amod
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 helps	nsubj
14	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bathe	parataxis
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 helps	obj
16	in	in	ADP	_	20 weather	case
17	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 weather	amod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hot	punct
19	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 weather	amod
20	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 helps	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 bathe	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 bathe	cc
23	starlings	starling	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 bathe	nsubj
24	bathe	bathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 helps	conj
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 crowds	case
26	noisy	noisy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 crowds	amod
27	crowds	crowd	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 bathe	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bathe	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bathe	present	Birds				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	keep	to-infinitive	Birds not said here	birds's feathers		clean property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Theme
3	work	gerund	Birds not said here			well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	help	present	fresh water	feathers = feather	hot dry weather		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary
5	bathe	present	starlings			in noisy crowds	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in crowd=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/15/