The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day, sentence 9
Aphids give out a sweet drop called honeydew, ants drink it, and in return ants guard the aphids from ladybirds, which people call «milking» the aphids.
Who acts: Aphids, sweet drop, ants, people · What happens: give out, call, drink, guard, milk · To what, where: sweet drop, honeydew, drop, return, aphids · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aphids, sweet drop, ants, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aphids | aphid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 give | nsubj |
| 2 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | out | out | ADP | _ | 2 give | compound:prt |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 drop | det |
| 5 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 drop | amod |
| 6 | drop | drop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 give | obj |
| 7 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 drop | acl |
| 8 | honeydew | honeydew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 called | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 drink | punct |
| 10 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 drink | nsubj |
| 11 | drink | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 give | parataxis |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 drink | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 guard | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 guard | cc |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 ants | case |
| 16 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 guard | obl |
| 17 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 guard | nsubj |
| 18 | guard | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 drink | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 aphids | det |
| 20 | aphids | aphid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 guard | obj |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 ladybirds | case |
| 22 | ladybirds | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 guard | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 call | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 call | obj |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 call | nsubj |
| 26 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 aphids | acl:relcl |
| 27 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 28 milking | punct |
| 28 | milking | milk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 call | xcomp |
| 29 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 28 milking | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 aphids | det |
| 31 | aphids | aphid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 milking | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 give | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give out | present | Aphids | a sweet drop | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent drop=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | a sweet drop not said here | honeydew | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | drink | present | ants | drop | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 4 | guard | present | ants | return | from ladybirds | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent aphid=Beneficiary from ladybird=Theme | |||
| 5 | call speech: assert | present | people | the aphids | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | milk in a quote | gerund | people not said here | the aphids | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/9/