The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 11
When a garden pond freezes, frogs may rest in the mud at the bottom; a ball floating on the water keeps a hole open, and the ice must never be smashed with a hammer, because the shock can hurt fish and frogs.
Who acts: garden pond, frogs, ball, shock · What happens: freeze, rest, float, keep, not smash, hurt · To what, where: mud, water, hole, ice, fish
This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (garden pond, frogs, ball, shock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 freezes | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 pond | det |
| 3 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pond | compound |
| 4 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 freezes | nsubj |
| 5 | freezes | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 rest | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 frogs | punct |
| 7 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 rest | nsubj |
| 8 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 rest | aux |
| 9 | rest | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 mud | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mud | det |
| 12 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rest | obl |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 bottom | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 bottom | det |
| 15 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rest | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 keeps | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 ball | det |
| 18 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 keeps | nsubj |
| 19 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 ball | acl |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 water | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 water | det |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 floating | obl |
| 23 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 rest | conj |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 hole | det |
| 25 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 keeps | obj |
| 26 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 keeps | xcomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 smashed | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 smashed | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ice | det |
| 30 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 smashed | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 smashed | aux |
| 32 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 34 smashed | advmod |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 smashed | aux:pass |
| 34 | smashed | smash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 keeps | conj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 hammer | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 hammer | det |
| 37 | hammer | hammer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 smashed | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 hurt | punct |
| 39 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 43 hurt | mark |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 shock | det |
| 41 | shock | shock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 hurt | nsubj |
| 42 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 hurt | aux |
| 43 | hurt | hurt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 smashed | advcl |
| 44 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 hurt | obj |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 frogs | cc |
| 46 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 fish | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 rest | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | present | a garden pond | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | rest | may | frogs | the mud | at the bottom | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in mud=Location | |||
| 3 | float | gerund | a ball not said here | the water | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | keep | present | a ball | a hole | open property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Theme | |||
| 5 | not smash | must · passive | the ice | with a hammer | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with hammer=Instrument | ||||
| 6 | hurt | can | the shock | fish and frogs | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fish=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/11/