The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 12

Robins defend territories all year, both males and females, and their song says «this garden is mine»; they can even sing at night under streetlights.

Who acts: Robins, song, garden, territories, females · What happens: defend, say, be, sing · To what, where: territories, song, streetlights · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Robins, song, garden, territories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Robins	robin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 defend	nsubj
2	defend	defend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	territories	territory	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 defend	obj
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 year	det
5	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defend	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 males	punct
7	both	both	CCONJ	_	8 males	cc:preconj
8	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 territories	appos
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 females	cc
10	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 males	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 says	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 says	cc
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 song	nmod:poss
14	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 says	nsubj
15	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 defend	conj
16	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 mine	punct
17	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	18 garden	det
18	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 mine	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 mine	cop
20	mine	mine	PRON	Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 says	ccomp
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 mine	punct
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 sing	punct
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 sing	nsubj
24	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 sing	aux
25	even	even	ADV	_	26 sing	advmod
26	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 defend	conj
27	at	at	ADP	_	28 night	case
28	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 sing	obl
29	under	under	ADP	_	30 streetlights	case
30	streetlights	streetlight	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 sing	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 defend	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	defend	present	Robins	territories		year	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Beneficiary
2	say speech: assert	present	females's song				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	is a in a quote	present	this garden	females's song = song			tree rules
4	sing speech: express	can	territories = territory		streetlights	night	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under streetlight=Location
5	sing		females = female				nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/12/