The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 13
Small birds burn a lot of energy staying warm, and a small bird can lose about a tenth of its weight in one cold night, so fat balls help, and water is as important as food in freezing weather.
Who acts: Small birds, small bird, fat balls, water · What happens: burn, stay, lose, help, be · To what, where: lot, tenth, freezing weather
This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small birds, small bird, fat balls, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 birds | amod |
| 2 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 burn | nsubj |
| 3 | burn | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 lot | det |
| 5 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 burn | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 energy | case |
| 7 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lot | nmod |
| 8 | staying | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 burn | advcl |
| 9 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 staying | xcomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 lose | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 lose | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 bird | det |
| 13 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 bird | amod |
| 14 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lose | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 lose | aux |
| 16 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 burn | conj |
| 17 | about | about | ADP | _ | 19 tenth | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 tenth | det |
| 19 | tenth | tenth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lose | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 weight | case |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 weight | nmod:poss |
| 22 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tenth | nmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 night | case |
| 24 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 night | nummod |
| 25 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 night | amod |
| 26 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lose | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 help | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 fat | advmod |
| 29 | fat | fat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 balls | amod |
| 30 | balls | ball | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 help | nsubj |
| 31 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 burn | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 important | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 important | cc |
| 34 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 important | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 important | cop |
| 36 | as | as | ADV | _ | 37 important | advmod |
| 37 | important | important | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 help | conj |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 39 food | case |
| 39 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 important | obl |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 weather | case |
| 41 | freezing | freezing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 weather | amod |
| 42 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 important | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 burn | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn | present | Small birds | a lot of energy | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lot=Theme | ||||
| 2 | stay | gerund | Small birds not said here | warm property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lose | can | a small bird | a tenth of tenth's weight | night | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tenth=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | help | present | fat balls | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | water | freezing weather | as food; important property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/13/