The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 14

Ladybirds hibernate together in clusters in sheltered spots like window frames, which helps them stay warm and safe, and they come out again in spring.

Who acts: Ladybirds, window frames · What happens: hibernate, shelter, help, stay, come out · To what, where: clusters, Ladybirds

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ladybirds, window frames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hibernate	nsubj
2	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	together	together	ADV	_	2 hibernate	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 clusters	case
5	clusters	cluster	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hibernate	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 spots	case
7	sheltered	shelter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 spots	amod
8	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 clusters	nmod
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 frames	case
10	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 frames	compound
11	frames	frame	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spots	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 helps	punct
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 helps	nsubj
14	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 frames	acl:relcl
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 helps	obj
16	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 helps	xcomp
17	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 stay	xcomp
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 safe	cc
19	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 warm	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 come	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 come	cc
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 come	nsubj
23	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hibernate	conj
24	out	out	ADV	_	23 come	advmod
25	again	again	ADV	_	23 come	advmod
26	in	in	ADP	_	27 spring	case
27	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 come	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hibernate	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hibernate	present	Ladybirds		clusters in sheltered spots like window frames		together property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cluster=Location
2	shelter	participle						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	help	present	window frames	Ladybirds = ladybird				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	stay	infinitive	Ladybirds = ladybird not said here				warm property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	come out	present	Ladybirds = ladybird			again; spring	out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/14/