Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart, sentence 9
A horse chestnut leaf is made of five to seven leaflets like fingers, and a fallen leaf leaves a horseshoe-shaped scar on the twig with dots like the nails in a horseshoe.
Who acts: fallen leaf · What happens: make, fall, leave, shape · To what, where: chestnut leaf, shaped scar, twig
This is a sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fallen leaf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 leaf | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chestnut | compound |
| 3 | chestnut | chestnut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leaf | compound |
| 4 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 made | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 made | aux:pass |
| 6 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 leaflets | case |
| 8 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 leaflets | nummod |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 seven | case |
| 10 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 five | nmod |
| 11 | leaflets | leaflet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 made | obl |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 fingers | case |
| 13 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leaflets | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 leaves | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 leaves | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 leaf | det |
| 17 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 leaf | amod |
| 18 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 leaves | nsubj |
| 19 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 made | conj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 scar | det |
| 21 | horseshoe | horseshoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shaped | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 horseshoe | punct |
| 23 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 scar | amod |
| 24 | scar | scar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 leaves | obj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 twig | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 twig | det |
| 27 | twig | twig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 scar | nmod |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 dots | case |
| 29 | dots | dot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 leaves | obl |
| 30 | like | like | ADP | _ | 32 nails | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 nails | det |
| 32 | nails | nail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 dots | nmod |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 horseshoe | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 horseshoe | det |
| 35 | horseshoe | horseshoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 nails | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | a chestnut leaf | of five leaflets like fingers | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | leave | present | a fallen leaf | a shaped scar | the twig | with dots like the nails in a horseshoe | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent scar=Theme on twig=Location | ||
| 4 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/9/