Birds of prey and owls, sentence 14
An osprey dives feet first and grips slippery fish with spiky toe pads and an outer toe that swings back, two toes in front and two behind, and carries the fish head forward so it slips through the air.
Who acts: osprey, outer toe, head · What happens: dive, grip, swing back, carry, slip · To what, where: feet, slippery fish, fish head, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (osprey, outer toe, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 osprey | det |
| 2 | osprey | osprey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dives | nsubj |
| 3 | dives | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 dives | obj |
| 5 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 dives | advmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 grips | cc |
| 7 | grips | grip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 dives | conj |
| 8 | slippery | slippery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 fish | amod |
| 9 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grips | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 pads | case |
| 11 | spiky | spiky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 pads | amod |
| 12 | toe | toe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pads | compound |
| 13 | pads | pad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fish | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 toe | cc |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 toe | det |
| 16 | outer | outer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 toe | amod |
| 17 | toe | toe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pads | conj |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 swings | nsubj |
| 19 | swings | swing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 toe | acl:relcl |
| 20 | back | back | ADV | _ | 19 swings | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 toes | punct |
| 22 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 toes | nummod |
| 23 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 grips | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 front | case |
| 25 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 toes | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 two | cc |
| 27 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 toes | conj |
| 28 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 27 two | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 carries | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 carries | cc |
| 31 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 swings | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 head | det |
| 33 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 head | compound |
| 34 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 carries | obj |
| 35 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 31 carries | advmod |
| 36 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 38 slips | mark |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 slips | nsubj |
| 38 | slips | slip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 carries | conj |
| 39 | through | through | ADP | _ | 41 air | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 air | det |
| 41 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 slips | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 dives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dive | present | a osprey | feet | first property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme | |||
| 2 | grip | present | a osprey not said here | slippery fish | with spiky toe pads and a outer toe; two toes in front obl | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent fish=Experiencer with pad=Instrument | |||
| 3 | swing back | present | a outer toe | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | carry | present | a outer toe not said here | the fish head | forward property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | |||
| 5 | slip | present | head | the air | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:034-birds-of-prey-and-owls.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/34-birds-of-prey-and-owls/14/