Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt, sentence 19

Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria kept warm at about 40 to 45 degrees; they eat the milk sugar and make acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sharp.

Who acts: Yoghurt, bacteria, acid · What happens: be, change, keep, eat, make, thicken · To what, where: milk, friendly bacteria, 40 degrees, milk sugar, acid

This is a sentence of the lesson «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yoghurt, bacteria, acid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 milk	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 milk	cop
3	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 milk	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 bacteria	case
6	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bacteria	amod
7	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 changed	obl:agent
8	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 bacteria	acl
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 kept	xcomp
10	at	at	ADP	_	15 degrees	case
11	about	about	ADV	_	12 40	advmod
12	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 degrees	nummod
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 45	case
14	45	45	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 40	nmod
15	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 kept	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 eat	punct
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 eat	nsubj
18	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 milk	parataxis
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 sugar	det
20	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 sugar	compound
21	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 eat	obj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 make	cc
23	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 eat	conj
24	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 make	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 thickens	punct
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 thickens	nsubj
27	thickens	thicken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 acid	acl:relcl
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 milk	det
29	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 thickens	obj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 makes	cc
31	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 thickens	conj
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 makes	obj
33	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 makes	xcomp
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 milk	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Yoghurt	milk			tree rules
2	change	participle		milk not said here			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	keep	participle		friendly bacteria not said here	40 degrees	warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at degree=Location
4	eat	present	bacteria = bacterium	the milk sugar			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient
5	make	present	bacteria = bacterium not said here	acid			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acid=Product
6	thicken	present	acid	the milk			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient
7	make	present	acid not said here	Milk		sharp property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/19/